КАК ВЫВОДИТЬ ПТИЦУ В ИНКУБАТОРЕ?
Artificial breeding is the best option for those who want to get a good brood of chickens, turkeys and chicks of other types of poultry at any time of the year. Despite the fact that chickens are naturally bred in the winter, it is rare that a hen can be placed on the eggs at this time. And the productivity of the hen in this case is low. When using an incubator, you can get a good brood of poultry for the same period.
The use of specialized equipment greatly simplifies the work of a poultry breeder. After all, in this case, there is no need to monitor the temperature and turn the eggs. These devices constantly adjust the temperature and turn the trays over. If the brood of young hens is engaged in, then it will have to be constantly monitored, which will take a lot of time. Even though the percentage of output of young animals in the incubator may be slightly lower than under the hen, everything is more than paid for by the performance of such equipment.
How do I choose an incubator?
Today on sale you can find a huge selection of incubators from household to professional. It is possible to make such equipment on their own. However, if you want to save time and avoid mistakes with hatching chicks, it is better to buy a ready-made incubator. The presence of a large number of additional functions, including automatic rotation of trays, as well as sensors that measure temperature and humidity, will help to avoid unpleasant surprises in the output process.
Selection of eggs for the incubator
Only eggs that meet the following criteria can be placed in an incubator:Freshness. For hatching Chicks, you can only take fresh eggs with a storage period of no more than a week.
Ideal form. Eggs with roughness and dents are not suitable for laying in an incubator.
Average size. From too small eggs usually hatch weak Chicks, and too large often twice yolk, and embryos from them do not hatch.
It is best to pick up eggs for the incubator with the help of candling. This device will allow you to consider all deviations from the norm.
How to prepare the equipment for poultry breeding?
If you use a purchased incubator for hatching chicks, you should carefully read the attached instructions before turning it on for the first time. The best option is to put the incubator on the floor. At the same time, it should stand perfectly straight, without swaying. It is important to choose a place in the room where the equipment will stand, so that it is located away from windows, doors and heating devices. Too cold, as well as too warm air, can affect the temperature in the equipment and harm the brood.
Before laying eggs, it is necessary to wipe off dirt and dust. The incubator trays should also be washed with warm water and thoroughly dried indoors or in sunlight. To maintain optimal air humidity in the incubator, you should put a bath with water on the bottom. After all the preparations, it remains to turn on the incubator, setting the desired temperature, and only after a day to lay eggs in trays.
Incubation process
It is divided into 4 stages:
The period from 1 to 7 days. The first stage is the formation of the heart and other vital organs of the chick. By the middle of this period, it begins to absorb oxygen. Humidity at this stage is 55 percent, and the air temperature in the equipment is 37.8 degrees celsius. Turn the masonry in the first days should be every 6 hours, do not open the lid unless absolutely necessary.
The period from 8 to 14 days. At this stage, the chicks have a beak, a backbone. All this time, you need to maintain the temperature that was set initially. You only need to turn the eggs six times a day. Humidity can be reduced to 45 percent.
The period from 15 to 18 days. At this time, you need to maintain the same temperature and humidity up to 50 percent. You can already periodically remove the lid from the incubator for 10-15 minutes. During this period, the chicks begin to move in the shell and even make barely perceptible sounds.
The period from 19 to 21 days. There is very little time left before the Chicks appear, so the incubator can lower the temperature to 37.5 degrees Celsius, and the humidity, on the contrary, increase to 65 percent. By the end of this stage, the Chicks have already opened their eyes and begin to hatch.
Why is control so important?
An important condition for successful breeding of young animals is control at each of the stages listed above. It is especially important to maintain the necessary temperature and humidity. Three times during the entire incubation period, complete control must be performed using an ovoscope, but no more than 5 times. With this device, it is possible to track the development of embryos, as well as cull embryos with defects and unfertilized eggs. At the same time, after using the ovoscope, you must make the right conclusions so that you do not make mistakes when you next bookmark it.
Hatching chicks in an incubator
If you follow the basic rules of incubation and maintain optimal temperature and humidity, you can get a good brood. When all the chicks hatch, they must be divided into males and young. This should be done quickly, so that the chicks do not overcooled. For further cultivation, you should take strong healthy chickens, ducklings and other Chicks. Weak, with the exception of very frail, can be taken for breeding in other herds for meat.
Young animals are sorted according to the following principle: substandard, crippled, weak and conditioned. It is easy to distinguish conditioned chicks. They are quite mobile, they have a soft and tucked-up stomach, respond well to any sounds, their cloaca is clean and pink, their eyes are clear. The body of a young chick is covered with smooth soft down, its color depends on the breed or type of bird. The weight should not be lower than the average for a particular species or breed. Substandard youngsters are also good on their feet and can respond to sound,but their stomachs are irregular. The umbilical cord of these chicks usually has a small blood clot, the down is more dull and uneven. These birds are also suitable for subsequent cultivation, but they also need more careful care and compliance with all the rules of feeding and maintenance.
To improve the quality of livestock, it is necessary to plant young separately from the males. Then the chicks grow much better, and their mortality is noticeably reduced. Separate keeping of poultry from an early age leads to the fact that weight gain is much faster and easier.
